Abstract
BackgroundNeutrophil elastase (NE) is associated with sepsis occurrence and progression. We hypothesized that the NE inhibitor Sivelestat might modulate abnormal gut microbiota and metabolites during sepsis.MethodsSixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham control (SC), sepsis (CLP), and sepsis+Sivelestat (Sive) groups. The rats’ survival status was monitored for 24 hours postoperatively, and feces were collected for microbiome and non-targeted metabolomics analyses.ResultsSivelestat administration significantly improved the survival of septic rats (80% vs 50%, P = 0.047). Microbiome analysis showed that the microbiota composition of rats in the CLP group was significantly disturbed, as potential pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella and Gammaproteobacteria became dominant, and the beneficial microbiota represented by Lactobacillus decreased. These changes were reversed in Sive group, and the overall microbial status was restored to a similar composition to SC group. Differential analysis identified 36 differential operational taxonomic units and 11 metabolites between the Sive and CLP groups, such as 6-Aminopenicillanic acid, gamma-Glutamyl-leucine, and cortisone (variable importance in projection>1and P<0.05). These discriminatory metabolites were highly correlated with each other and mainly involved in the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analyses found that almost all Sivelestat-modulated microbes were associated with differential metabolites (P < 0.05), such as Lactobacillus and some amino acids, suggesting that the Sivelestat-induced metabolic profile differences were in part due to its influence on the gut microbiome.ConclusionSivelestat administration in septic rats improved survival, gut microbiota composition and associated metabolites, which could provide new options for sepsis treatment.
Highlights
Neutrophil elastase (NE) is associated with sepsis occurrence and progression
Microbiome analysis showed that the microbiota composition of rats in the CLP group was significantly disturbed, as potential pathogens such as EscherichiaShigella and Gammaproteobacteria became dominant, and the beneficial microbiota represented by Lactobacillus decreased
These changes were reversed in Sive group, and the overall microbial status was restored to a similar composition to sham control (SC) group
Summary
Neutrophil elastase (NE) is associated with sepsis occurrence and progression. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide (Singer et al, 2016; Evans et al, 2021). Neutrophil elastase (NE), a neutrophil biomarker (Korkmaz et al, 2010), is the most important protease released by neutrophils. It is one of the major effectors in immune defense and inflammatory response regulation and associated with the occurrence and development of sepsis. We speculated that NE inhibitors could alleviate sepsis progression by alleviating inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, and intestinal flora imbalance through a still unidentified mechanism
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