Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of precocious puberty is increasing. Obesity has been demonstrated to be associated with changes in the adipokine profile and incidence of early puberty in girls. This study assessed the pubertal signs, the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after 12 weeks of combined exercise and 4 weeks of detraining in overweight and obese girls with precocious puberty.MethodsThirty overweight and obese girls (aged 7–9) with precocious puberty, who had received Triptorelin, were randomly divided into two groups (15 exercise and 15 control). Initially, serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, TNF-α, luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine length, and ovarian volume) were measured. The exercise group performed 60 min of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise three times/week for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive any exercise. 48 h after the last training session and after 4 weeks of detraining, all research variables were measured (also in the control group). The statistical method used for data analysis was repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsIn the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased, but resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups, but FSH, LH/FSH and ovarian volume significantly decreased in the exercise group alone (P<0.05).ConclusionsCombined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and the rate of puberty. However, after 4 weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear.Trial registrationIRCT, IRCT56471. Registered 25 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://fa.irct.ir/user/profile
Highlights
The prevalence of precocious puberty is increasing
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of combined exercise and 4 weeks of detraining following that on adiponectin, resistin, and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and pubertal signs in overweight and obese girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), who were being treated with Gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogue (GnRHa)
The reason for choosing 4 weeks of detraining was that the results indicated that 2 weeks of detraining is not long enough to completely eliminate the beneficial effects of regular exercise, continued detraining may lead to damaging effects [32]
Summary
The prevalence of precocious puberty is increasing. Obesity has been demonstrated to be associated with changes in the adipokine profile and incidence of early puberty in girls. Puberty is characterized by the growth of reproductive organs, enlargement of secondary sexual feature, accelerated growth rate, and incidence of menarche in females, which is caused by the secretion of the Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) [1]. If this process occurs in girls before the age of 8 and in boys before the age of 9, central precocious puberty (CPP) has occurred which is associated with increased growth rate and accelerated bone age [2]. The treatment used for precocious puberty is Gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) [2]
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