Abstract
Nanotechnology is the promising field with its wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, drug targeting, nano-medicine and other research areas. This review highlights the positive and negative impact of nanoparticles on plants and its wide applications in agricultural sciences. Effect of NPs in terms of seed germination, growth promotion and enhancement of metabolic rate has been evaluated by several scientific researches. However, NPs also exert their negative effects such as suppression of plant growth, inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency etc. Effects of NPs can be either positive or negative it depending upon the plant species and type of nanoparticles used & its concentration. Modern nano-biotechnological tools have a great potential to increase food quality, global food production, plant protection, detection of plant and animal diseases, monitoring of plant growth nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticide, nano-herbicides and nano-fungicides.
Highlights
Nanoscience is a developing concept in the agricultural area
Nanoparticles can be used as nanofertilizers, nano-pesticides and herbicides which are useful to increase crops productivity, to control excessive uses of chemicals fertilizers and increase survivability against biotic stress
NPs may affect on the plant growth species either positively or negatively depending on its type and concentration used
Summary
Nanoscience is a developing concept in the agricultural area. In recent times, rapid progress in nanotechnology has made it possible to synthesize engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) with multiple types, sizes, and morphologies [1]. Nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by unique physical and chemical features like, surface area, pore size, particle morphology, and reactivity. Due to toxic impacts of the physical and chemical methods, biological method prefer for the synthesis of NPs. Production of NPs involves use of bacteria, fungi, algae, plant and agro-waste. NPs can be synthesized through green technology by using algae, plant extract and agricultural waste It would be a cost-effective, ecofriendly and easy to handle as compare to physical and chemical methods [7,8]. NPs enter into the cell and interrupt Electron transport system (ETS) cycle of chloroplast and mitochondria and triggered oxidative burst due to increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration [36, 37]. Due to ROS generation, increase root length up to a certain level [45,46,47,48]
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