Abstract

目的: 比较新生儿及婴幼儿先天性心脏病术后首次气管插管拔除改正压通气或高流量鼻导管吸氧对术后预后的影响。 设计: 回顾性队列研究及倾向性匹配分析。 场所: 一家三级儿童医院CICU。 对象: 心肺转流下心脏手术后首次气管插管拔除改高流量鼻导管吸氧或正压通气的6个月以下患儿。 干预措施: 无 方法与主要结果: 258例患儿经倾向性匹配确认49对气管插管拔除改高流量鼻导管吸氧/气道正压通气患儿。所有筛查患儿拔管失败率12%。匹配后组间拔管失败率无差异(气道正压16%比高流量鼻导管10%;P=0.549)。与高流量鼻导管组相比,首次拔管改气道正压通气患儿使用医疗资源较多:低流量鼻导管吸氧时间长(83 h比28 h; P=0.006);无吸氧治疗时间长(159 h比110 h; P=0.013);术后住院时间长(22 d比14 d; P=0.015)。 结论: 本组儿科队列中,与首次拔管后改高流量鼻导管吸氧者相比,改气道正压通气无益于预防先天性心脏病术后患儿拔管失败。相比于高流量鼻导管吸氧者,改气道正压通气与医疗资源使用增加有关。建议开展旨在确立术后最佳无创呼吸支持方法的前瞻性研究。

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