Positionspapier für eine beanspruchungsorientierte Trainingsgestaltung im Krafttraining

Abstract

Strength training guidelines tend to be based on stress factors such as relative weight, repetitions, sets, rest inbetween sets, muscle action velocity and number of sessions per week. Based on the stress-strain-concept, empirical results and training experience require additional parameters related to the molecular and cellular adaptations for an effective strength training concept. In contrast to what has generally been assumed, it is notable that the individual percentage of 1-Repetition-Maximum (1 RM) is not the intensity but only a relative training load and therefore a stress factor. Intensity is referred to here as a strain factor, operationalized as the level of effort applied to a given load. For example, it can be measured by the level of perceived exertion. To identify the adaptation effect of a training load, commonly disregarded parameters like muscle action modes per repetition, duration of one repetition, rest in-between repetitions, and time under tension must first be specified. Toigo and Boutellier (2006) indicated the importance of these determinants, and current findings support and complement their viewpoint. Further extensive and systematic follow-up studies are required to provide an evaluation of this approach. For papers on strength training, a proposed set of new determinants is put forward as a documentation standard for future research in the field of strength training. Existing textbooks should be modified accordingly.