Positioning Evaluation of Single and Dual-Frequency Low-Cost GNSS Receivers Signals Using PPP and Static Relative Methods in Urban Areas

Rosendo Romero-Andrade,Daniel Hernández-Andrade,Gopal Sharma,Alejandro Vega-Ayala,Jesús R Vázquez-Ontiveros,Manuel E Trejo-Soto

doi:10.3390/app112210642

Rosendo Romero-Andrade, Daniel Hernández-Andrade + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210642

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Abstract

A positional accuracy obtained by the Precise Point Positioning and static relative methods was compared and analyzed. Test data was collected using low-cost GNSS receivers of single- and dual-frequency in urban areas. The data was analyzed for quality using the TEQC program to determine the degree of affectation of the signal in the urban area. Low-cost GNSS receivers were found to be sensitive to the multipath effect, which impacts positioning. The horizontal and vertical accuracy was evaluated with respect to Mexican regulations for the GNSS establishment criteria. Probable Error Circle (CEP) and Vertical Positioning Accuracy (EPV) were performed on low cost GNSS receiver observation data. The results show that low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receivers can be used in urban areas. The precision was obtained in the order of 0.013 m in the static relative method. The results obtained are comparable to a geodetic receiver in a geodetic baseline of <20 km. The study does not recommend using single and dual frequencies low cost GNSS receivers based on results obtained by the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in urban areas. The inclusion of the GGM10 model reduces the vertical precision obtained by using low cost GNSS receivers in both methods, conforming to the regulations only in the horizontal component.

Highlights

Researchers have conducted several studies utilizing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals with geodesy and satellite technology advancement
This study focuses on the statistical analysis of the observations generated by Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and static relative methods in urban areas using low-cost single and dual-frequency GNSS receivers
The results of the quality check of the stations considering four parameters (INT, multipath effect average (MP), cycle slips per observations (CSR), signal-to-noise ratio average (SNR)) are presented in Table 5; for the single frequency receivers, it was not possible to analyze the quality of the observations because at least two frequencies are required

Summary

Introduction

Researchers have conducted several studies utilizing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals with geodesy and satellite technology advancement. These studies have focused on the accuracy of the location on the earth’s surface and how the satellite signal is affected by the surrounding environment of the receiving antenna [1]. GNSS observation processing platforms commonly use the static relative method to obtain high precision positioning deploying signals from two or more receivers at the same observation time [9]. The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method is gaining popularity because of its effectiveness for GNSS data processing through precise satellite orbits, clock corrections, bias products, and a single receiver to obtain high accuracy [11,12]. The PPP method is ideal for applications such as monitoring structures [13,14] and precise positioning through low-cost GNSS receivers signals [15,16]

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