Abstract
ObjectivesTo assess positioning accuracy in otosurgery and to test the impact of the two-handed instrument holding technique and the instrument support technique on surgical precision. To test an otologic training model with optical tracking.Study DesignIn total, 14 ENT surgeons in the same department with different levels of surgical experience performed static and dynamic tasks with otologic microinstruments under simulated otosurgical conditions.MethodsTip motion of the microinstrument was registered in three dimensions by optical tracking during 10 different tasks simulating surgical steps such as prosthesis crimping and dissection of the middle ear using formalin-fixed temporal bone. Instrument marker trajectories were compared within groups of experienced and less experienced surgeons performing uncompensated or compensated exercises.ResultsExperienced surgeons have significantly better positioning accuracy than novice ear surgeons in terms of mean displacement values of marker trajectories. The instrument support and the two-handed instrument holding techniques significantly reduce surgeons’ tremor. The laboratory set-up presented in this study provides precise feedback for otosurgeons about their surgical skills and proved to be a useful device for otosurgical training.ConclusionsSimple tremor compensation techniques may offer trainees the potential to improve their positioning accuracy to the level of more experienced surgeons. Training in an experimental otologic environment with optical tracking may aid acquisition of technical skills in middle ear surgery and potentially shorten the learning curve. Thus, simulated exercises of surgical steps should be integrated into the training of otosurgeons.
Highlights
Manipulation during middle ear surgery requires high levels of technical skill and virtually tremor-free handwork
Tip motion of the microinstrument was registered in three dimensions by optical tracking during 10 different tasks simulating surgical steps such as prosthesis crimping and dissection of the middle ear using formalin-fixed temporal bone
Simulated exercises of surgical steps should be integrated into the training of otosurgeons
Summary
Manipulation during middle ear surgery requires high levels of technical skill and virtually tremor-free handwork. Despite the clinical significance of microsurgical precision in otology, there are little data dealing with the positioning accuracy of otologists [1,2,3]. The number of publications about accuracy enhancement devices such as micromanipulators and surgical robots in otology is expanding [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].Since most otologists favor a conventional microsurgical training without the application of a tremor-reducing device and work freehanded, it seems to be useful to analyze their performance in improving surgical precision.
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