Positional Competition: A Theory of the Great Gatsby Curve and the Easterlin Paradox

Abstract

This paper provides a novel theory that simultaneously explains the Great Gatsby curve and the Easterlin paradox, demonstrating that these two phenomena could be driven by the same mechanism. I model positional competition, in which production opportunities are allocated according to relative performance, as a Nash equilibrium outcome of agents reacting optimally to a distribution of production opportunities. Positional competition is not a zero-sum game and its intensity is endogenously determined. The distribution of income and intergenerational mobility are also endogenously determined, with income following a power law distribution. As productivities become more dispersed, optimizing agents respond by competing more intensely with each other. This endogenous intensification lies at the heart of my explanation for both the Great Gatsby curve and the Easterlin paradox.