Positional Accuracy Evaluation of Declassified Hexagon KH-9 Mapping Camera Imagery

Abstract

This paper examines the positional accuracy of the declassified KH-9 Hexagon imagery and derived DEM. Aimed at geodesy and mapmaking, the KH-9 program (1973 to 1980) resulted in an image archive with worldwide stereo coverage at 6 to 9 m. We used six KH-9 images acquired in 1980 over two testfields in Central Asia. Using reseau marks on the scanned KH- 9 frames, we found and corrected image distortions. In bundle orientation with Ground Control Points (GCPS) from QuickBird images, we achieved horizontal accuracies below 6 m for a flat terrain testfield and approximately 10 m for a mountainous terrain testfield. With three GCPS the image orientation horizontal accuracy degraded by only 20 percent. We generated a DEM from the KH-9 images and estimated its vertical accuracy using IceSAT laser altimetry data and an additional DEM from 1:25 000 topographic maps. The DEM RMSE was 6.18 m over flat terrain and 20.0 m over mountainous terrain.