Abstract
Introduction Hyoid bone plays a vital role in the craniofacial dynamics. From the maintenance of pharyngeal airway to phonation, deglutition, and mandibular movements, it has multifactorial roles to fulfill. The hyoid bone has a spatial relationship with cranial base, mandible, and cervical vertebrae. This study was performed to determine the position of the hyoid bone in different anteroposterior growth patterns. Materials and Methods 75 lateral cephalograms belonging to all three sagittal skeletal patterns were evaluated in the study. The angular and linear measurements using 10 variables were made to determine the relationship of the hyoid bone with different craniofacial structures. SPSS was used to calculate the descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation of all the linear and angular variables. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test were used to compare the means of linear and angular measurement and multiple comparisons, respectively, at p < 0.05 significance level. Results There was no significant difference in the mean angular measurements (NSH and MPH) between the 3 groups (p > 0.05). Also, the multiple comparisons showed no significant difference between the linear measurements (H-FH, H-MP, H-H′, and H-N). However, there was a significant difference in three linear measurements: H-Rgn, RGN-C3, and C3-H. The values were more in class III subjects, compared to class I and class II. Conclusion The linear millimetric distance between points H-RGN, RGN-C3, and C3-H which determine the relationship and spatial position of the hyoid bone with the mandible and third cervical vertebrae was statistically significant among groups. The values were more in class III subjects inferring the anterior position of the hyoid bone.
Highlights
Hyoid bone plays a vital role in the craniofacial dynamics
Results ere was no significant difference in the means of angular and linear measurements, except for three linear measurements, which are H-RGN, RGN-C3, and C3-H (Table 2). e post hoc Tuckey intergroup comparison showed that the class III group had increased the mean length of H-RGn, RGn-C3, and C3-H as compared to class I and class II groups. e larger F values of these three linear readings illustrate larger dispersion and variation in the class III group as compared to class I and class II, while there was no significant difference in class I and class II groups
Discussion e findings of this study do not suggest any statistically significant difference in the angular measurements of NSH and MPH angles (p > 0.05). e NSH is the angle formed between the cranial base and hyoid bone; it depicts the position of the hyoid bone with reference to the cranial base. e insignificant difference in this study suggests that the position of the hyoid bone remains unchanged in different anteroposterior patterns
Summary
Hyoid bone plays a vital role in the craniofacial dynamics. From the maintenance of pharyngeal airway to phonation, deglutition, and mandibular movements, it has multifactorial roles to fulfill. e hyoid bone has a spatial relationship with cranial base, mandible, and cervical vertebrae. is study was performed to determine the position of the hyoid bone in different anteroposterior growth patterns. E angular and linear measurements using 10 variables were made to determine the relationship of the hyoid bone with different craniofacial structures. E linear millimetric distance between points H-RGN, RGN-C3, and C3-H which determine the relationship and spatial position of the hyoid bone with the mandible and third cervical vertebrae was statistically significant among groups. E hyoid bone keeps the pharyngeal airway open during sleep, phonation, and deglutition It helps during the movement of mandible and maintains the position of tongue. Despite not having any bony connection, it joins with tongue, mandible, cranial base, thyroid cartilage, sternum, pharynx, and scapula through supra and infrahyoid muscles Due to these connections, any change in the position of these structures might have an effect on the position of the hyoid bone [2]. Studies performed on the relationship of the hyoid bone with base of the skull and mandible demonstrated that the position of the hyoid bone varied in relation to the anterior cranial base of the skull. e hyoid bone was placed backward in class II subjects, while it was forward placed in class
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