Abstract
In this paper, we propose a massive MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) architecture with distributed steerable phased antenna subarrays for position estimation in the mmWave range. We also propose localization algorithms and a multistage/multiresolution search strategy that resolve the problem of high side lobes, which is inherent in spatially coherent localization. The proposed system is intended for use in line-of-sight indoor environments. Time synchronization between the transmitter and the receiving system is not required, and the algorithms can also be applied to a multiuser scenario. The simulation results for the line-of-sight-only and specular multipath scenarios show that the localization error is only a small fraction of the carrier wavelength and that it can be achieved under reasonable system parameters including signal-to-noise ratios, antenna number/placement, and subarray apertures. The proposed concept has the potential of significantly improving the capacity and spectral/energy efficiency of future mmWave massive MIMO systems.
Highlights
Millimeter-wave communication and massive MIMO are disruptive technologies for cellular 5G (5th generation) systems
We have proposed an innovative model of a massive MIMO system with distributed phased antenna arrays, formulated a signal model for this system model, proposed a multistage/multiresolution localization strategy, and proposed new localization algorithms
We proposed an architecture with distributed antenna units, a multistage/multiresolution strategy, and three classes of localization algorithms that together achieve root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of up to three orders better than the carrier wavelength, and solve the ambiguity problem, inherent to coherent algorithms
Summary
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication and massive MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) are disruptive technologies for cellular 5G (5th generation) systems Not surprisingly, they have been in the focus of intensive research efforts in both academia and industry in the last decade. Unlike in conventional M IMO systems for point-to-point communications where the Traditionally, beamforming by the antennas is realized completely in the digital domain. This entails that every antenna has its own radio-frequency (RF) chain (a lownoise amplifier, a down-converter, an A/D converter at the receiving side, a D/A converter, up-converter, and a power amplifier at the transmitting side), which renders the application of massive MIMO in mmWave impractical due to high cost and energy consumption. A beamformer is usually implemented as an array of phase shifters with
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