Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been on the market since the approval of the seven-valent PCV (PCV7) in 2000. PCV7 was subsequently replaced by higher valency vaccines. Higher valency vaccines provide broader serotype coverage against pneumococcal disease, but breakthrough invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been observed [Balsells 2017, Kandasamy 2020] after PCV7 was replaced by PCV13. Furthermore, in clinical trials serotype-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) decreased from PCV7 to PCV13 for shared serotypes, which may contribute to decreased effectiveness observed after the introduction of PCV13 for shared serotypes.
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