Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of diseases such as community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis across all age groups. In Japan, routine pneumococcal vaccinations are carried out for children aged ≤5 years and older persons aged ≥65 years due to their higher risk of infection. Acute S. pneumoniae infections are reported to elevate the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke. In order to generate evidence for the development of optimal vaccination strategies, this study analyzed the effects of S.

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