Abstract

Currently, there is limited data available to guide glycemic control in patients with CKD stages 3B and 4 as patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are mostly excluded from clinical trials. The KDIGO CKD guidelines in 2012 recommend a target HbA1c of about 7.0% to prevent or delay progression of the microvascular complications of diabetes including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The latest KDIGO 2020 Guidelines recommend an individualized HbA1c target ranging from <6.5% to <8.0% in patients with DM and CKD not on dialysis.

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