Abstract

Hyperkalemia (HK), a serum potassium concentration above 5.0 mEq/L, is a potentially severe condition that may result in arrhythmias and sudden death. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) treatment is a cornerstone in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF), but can also induce HK. Potassium binders are a key pillar in the treatment of HK, but routine use of conventional binders such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is hampered by questionable effectiveness and safety concerns.

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