Abstract
Lithium has been a valuable treatment for bipolar affective disorders for decades. However, it has a very narrow therapeutic index and side effects can be seen in many organ systems, one of which affects kidney. Despite cases reports published, the overall incidence of clinically significant chronic lithium nephrotoxicity appears to be very low. It is usually diagnosed by a rise in the serum lithium concentration, but it must be remembered that serum levels and clinical findings do not always overlap.
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