Abstract
On 21 October 1824, a patent was filed by an inventor, Joseph Aspdin from Wakefield, for a new type of cement, called Portland cement as it was thought to resemble the color of Portland stone. Portland cement (PC) is the key component of concrete and has become an essential and indispensable component of today's world. This paper reviews the history of PC, its composition, characteristics, and mechanical properties. Some of the specific paragraphs in this paper cover the following: Alkali Silica Reaction; Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement; Sulphate Attack; Cement Production and Environmental Damage; The Approach to Reducing Environmental Damage; Wastepaper Sludge Ash as a Binder for Concrete; and The Way Ahead.
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