Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is characterized by repeated airflow partial reduction or complete cessation due to upper airway collapse during sleep. OSAHS can induce frequent awake and intermittent hypoxia that is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular events. Full-channel Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosing OSAHS; however, this PSG evaluation process is unsuitable for home screening. To solve this problem, a measuring module integrating abdominal and thoracic triaxial accelerometers, a pulsed oximeter (SpO2) and an electrocardiogram sensor was devised in this study. Moreover, a long short-term memory recurrent neural network model is proposed to classify four types of sleep breathing patterns, namely obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), hypopnea (HYP) events and normal breathing (NOR). The proposed algorithm not only reports the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) through the acquired overnight signals but also identifies the occurrences of OSA, CSA, HYP and NOR, which assists in OSAHS diagnosis. In the clinical experiment with 115 participants, the performances of the proposed system and algorithm were compared with those of traditional expert interpretation based on PSG signals. The accuracy of AHI severity group classification was 89.3%, and the AHI difference for PSG expert interpretation was . The overall accuracy of detecting abnormal OSA, CSA and HYP events was 92.3%.
Highlights
According to a recent report [1], 13% men and 6% women between the ages of 30 and 70 years are affected by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)
The mixed sleep apnea (MSA) was regarded as the OSA in this study because of the similarity of physiological features
The features were extracted from the THO/ABD and SpO2 signals and used for training the LSTM-RNN classifier
Summary
According to a recent report [1], 13% men and 6% women between the ages of 30 and 70 years are affected by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Patients suffering from OSAHS have symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headache, hypertension and decreased libido [2]. People are often unaware of OSAHS because apnea/hypopnea events only occur during sleep. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine scoring manual [3], an apnea event is identified when a drop of 90% respiratory airflow lasts for at least 10 s. A hypopnea event is defined when a drop of over 30% respiratory airflow lasts for at least 10 s with at least 3% associated decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) or arousal from sleep.
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