Abstract
Detecting the concentration of Pb2+ ions is important for monitoring the quality of water due to it can become a health threat as being in certain level. In this study, we report a nanomechanical Pb2+ sensor by employing the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor microelectromechanical system (CMOS MEMS)-based piezoresistive microcantilevers coated with PEDOT:PSS sensing layers. Upon reaction with Pb2+, the PEDOT:PSS layer was oxidized which induced the surface stress change resulted in a subsequent bending of the microcantilever with the signal response of relative resistance change. This sensing platform has the advantages of being mass-produced, miniaturized, and portable. The sensor exhibited its sensitivity to Pb2+ concentrations in a linear range of 0.01–1000 ppm, and the limit of detection was 5 ppb. Moreover, the sensor showed the specificity to Pb2+, required a small sample volume and was easy to operate. Therefore, the proposed analytical method described here may be a sensitive, cost-effective and portable sensing tool for on-site water quality measurement and pollution detection.
Highlights
Global water resources have been profoundly affected by human activities in the past few years, and a significant number of places in the world are facing serious problems of water supply and drinking water quality
The gauge factor of the CMOS MEMS-based microcantilever sensor can be calculated by measuring the endpoint displacement (∆z) and the resistance value change (∆R) together with the known dimension of the microcantilever
From the right-hand side of Figure 2b, the PEDOT:PSS modified surface exhibits the presence of sulfur (S) content in comparison with the gold coated surface, which indicates the presence of the PEDOT:PSS layer
Summary
Global water resources have been profoundly affected by human activities in the past few years, and a significant number of places in the world are facing serious problems of water supply and drinking water quality. Millions of people are currently known to have chronic heavy metal poisoning; this has become a global public health problem, and 1.6 million children die each year from diseases caused by contaminated drinking water [1]. Among these heavy ions, lead ion (Pb2+) is known to be one of the most poisonous ones with an increasing negative potential impact on global human health [2]. Excessive intake is mainly manifested in physical or mental developmental delay It is mainly reflected in kidney problems and high blood pressure. The demand for developing lead ion sensors for aqueous detection to ensure healthy drinking water in urban and rural areas is rapidly increasing
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