Abstract
A portable reconfigurable platform for hemoglobin determination based on inner filter quenching of room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) in the presence of H2O2 is described. The electronic setup consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) as the carbon dot optical exciter and a photodiode as a light-to-current converter integrated in the same instrument. The reconfigurable feature provides adaptability to use the platform as an analytical probe for CDs coming from different batches with some variations in luminescence characteristics. The variables of the reaction were optimized, such as pH, concentration of reagents, and response time; as well as the variables of the portable device, such as LED voltage, photodiode sensitivity, and adjustment of the measuring range by a reconfigurable electronic system. The portable device allowed the determination of hemoglobin with good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 6.2 nM and range up to 125 nM.
Highlights
In recent years, optical chemical sensing has been a growing research area in many scientific fields as an alternative to expensive and complex conventional analytical procedures [1]
The resulting molecular fluorophores are hypothesized to be located on the surface and/or inside the carbon dots (CDs)
The size, morphology and structure of the synthesized CDs were studied by High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), EDX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Summary
Optical chemical sensing has been a growing research area in many scientific fields as an alternative to expensive and complex conventional analytical procedures [1] These sensors are based on the monitoring of different optical parameters to obtain the analyte information, such as absorption [2], luminescence intensity [3], luminescence lifetime [3,4], or refractive index [5]. Others follow direct time-domain techniques, which, in most cases, require high-speed complex readout circuits due to their short lifetimes [12,13] These solutions disrupt the current trend of wireless chemical sensors (WCS), which, within the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, aims to make ubiquitous analytical bio-chemical sensing a reality [14]. This paper presents the development and validation of a WCS that uses room-temperature phosphorescence determination of bio-analytes, hemoglobin in this particular case, based on a windows-based algorithm implemented in a reconfigurable device [15]
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