Abstract
In this study, we developed the portable chemiluminescence (CL)-based lateral flow assay (LFA) platform for the detection of cortisol in human serum. Cortisol is well-known as a stress hormone due to its high relevancy for human mental and physical health, such as hypertension or depression. To date, a number of optical devices have provided the sensitive determination of levels of analytes. However, this modality type still requires costly optical modules. The developed CL platform is simply composed of two detection modules along with a loading part for the LFA strip. The LFA membrane contains gold nanoparticle probes conjugated with antibodies against cortisol and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which can also efficiently increase the luminescent signal by providing many areas for anti-cortisol antibody and HRP. The measured voltage signals coming from the photodiode in a CL reader were compared with a standard microplate reader for the evaluation of accuracy. The linear range observed for cortisol was measured to be 0.78–12.5 μg/dL (R2 = 0.99) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.342 μg/dL. In addition, the CL-LFA reader showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.96) with the standard cortisol console (COBAS 8000, Roche), suggesting that our developed CL-based LFA platform can be usable in situ.
Highlights
The causes affecting states of emotion and thought have been attracting much attention and, methodologies have been developed to quantify their amounts
We developed the portable chemiluminescence-based lateral flow assay platform for the quantification of cortisol
The developed CL-lateral flow assay (LFA) detector is able to measure the chemiluminescence from the enzymatic reaction between enzyme and substrate and convert the measured signal intensity into an electrical signal
Summary
The causes affecting states of emotion and thought have been attracting much attention and, methodologies have been developed to quantify their amounts. Among the factors that have been studied, stress is known to be a main cause of mental illness [1]. A number of studies to define the level of stress have been developed to date [2,3,4,5]. Immunoassays using a biochemical marker have provided a reliable relevance between biomarkers and the level of stress [6]. Cortisol is a well-known biomarker or indicator of stress, secreted by the adrenal cortex and associated with human mental and physiological illnesses, such as hypertension, Cushing’s syndrome, depression, Addison’s disease, and dementia [7,8,9,10,11]. The detection methods for the quantification of cortisol, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemistry, showed highly sensitive detection, but these approaches are not suitable for point of care testing (POCT) due to the long sample preparation time and additional need for reader devices [12,13,14,15]
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