Abstract
BackgroundThe bacterial biofilm at the gingival margin induces a host immune reaction. In this local inflammation epithelial cells defend the host against bacterial challenge. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone pathogen, infects epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of signaling cascades in primary epithelial cells and oral cancer cell lines by a profiler PCR array.ResultsAfter infection with P. gingivalis membranes the RNA of 16 to 33 of 84 key genes involved in the antibacterial immune response was up-regulated, amongst them were IKBKB (NF-κB signaling pathway), IRF5 (TLR signaling) and JUN, MAP2K4, MAPK14 and MAPK8 (MAPK pathway) in SCC-25 cells and IKBKB, IRF5, JUN, MAP2K4, MAPK14 and MAPK8 in PHGK. Statistically significant up-regulation of IKBKB (4.7 ×), MAP2K4 (4.6 ×), MAPK14 (4.2 ×) and IRF5 (9.8 ×) (p < 0.01) was demonstrated in SCC-25 cells and IKBKB (3.1 ×), MAP2K4 (4.0 ×) MAPK 14 (3.0 ×) (p < 0.05), IRF5 (3.0 ×) and JUN (7.7 ×) (p < 0.01) were up-regulated in PHGK.ConclusionsP. gingivalis membrane up-regulates the expression of genes involved in downstream TLR, NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways involved in the pro-inflammatory immune response in primary and malignant oral epithelial cells.
Highlights
The bacterial biofilm at the gingival margin induces a host immune reaction
We demonstrated that P. gingivalis induces B7-H1 expression in different carcinoma cell lines (SCC-25 cells, BHY cells) as well as in primary human gingival keratinocytes [27]
SCC-25 cells treated with P. gingivalis W83 isolated membrane The analysis of three experiments treating SCC-25 cells with the membrane fraction for 24 h showed up-regulation of a number of genes that play a role in different biological processes
Summary
The bacterial biofilm at the gingival margin induces a host immune reaction In this local inflammation epithelial cells defend the host against bacterial challenge. Infection of epithelial cells by P. gingivalis activates signaling cascades that control transcription of target genes encoding for immune response and inflammatory reactions such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize microbial components formed as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PRRs are present on epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) [11] Activation of these receptors by PAMPs initiates the innate response to microbial challenge and induces adaptive immunity to clear infections [12, 13]
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