Abstract
Abstract In this study, usage possibility of the dried Porphyridium cruentum type microalga biomass in the chewing gum formulation as a natural colorant was investigated. For this aim, the effect of different spray dryer inlet temperatures (150-200 °C) on pigment (total carotenoid and chlorophyll-a) quantities and color properties ( L*, a*, b* and C*) of Porphyridium cruentum type microalga biomass were examined. P. cruentum were cultured using the tubular photobioreactor and harvested by centrifugation. The dried microalga was then added to chewing gum at different concentrations (0.5% and 1.0% w:w) as a natural red colorant. The amount of the total carotenoids in dried biomass ranged from 112.6 to 419.9 μg g -1 and chlorophyll-a from 511 to 1513 μg g-1. Considering sensorial analysis, algal taste increased with increasing microalga concentration ( p < 0.05). The studied factors had no significant effect on cohesiveness, (0.186-0.254), springiness (0.713-0.806) and resilience (0.014-0.015) parameters in chewing gums ( p < 0.05). However, a* value in chewing gum samples increased with drying temperature and usage amount (from 10.5 to 18.7) which increased red color intensity. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that P. cruentum biomass had a potential use in chewing gum matrix.
Highlights
Microalgae can naturally accumulate considerable amounts of protein, pigment, fatty acids, vitamins, antibiotics, hydrocarbons, polysaccharides and many other metabolites in the cell
Total carotenoid, chlorophyll-a and color characteristics (L*, a*, b* and C*) of dried biomass obtained from different inlet temperature (150-200 °C) applications were investigated (Table 1)
Based on both pigment types, it can be stated that application of the inlet temperature of the spray dryer between 170 °C and 180 °C was more advantageous for P. cruentum dried biomass
Summary
Microalgae can naturally accumulate considerable amounts of protein, pigment, fatty acids, vitamins, antibiotics, hydrocarbons, polysaccharides and many other metabolites in the cell. For this reason, they have been investigated due to their functional properties for more than 100 years. Most of the algae are capable of producing commercially valuable compounds such as vitamins or pigments at high amounts. For this reason, microalgae have become one of the most studied biological materials. Carotenoids together with chlorophyll and other pigments have a vital importance in photosynthetic processes
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