Abstract
The paper investigates the regulation of the hydrophobicity of KARBON™ carbon adsorbents by restoring its surface during heat treatment in argon and hydrogen, as well as oxidizing it with nitric acid. The sorption capacity of KARBON™ with respect to the tryptophan, arginine, indole, creatinine and vitamin B12 as biologically active organic compounds of different molecular weight was studied. It was determined that the adsorption capacity of KARBON™ samples with respect to all the studied substances changes as follows: Ind>Cr>Trp>Arg>B12. It has been shown that the sorption capacity of argon-treated KARBON™ adsorbent at pH=7.5 is 2.6; 2.7 and 0.09 mmol/g in relation to tryptophan, creatinine and vitamin B12, respectively. The adsorption capacity of these compounds is almost unchanged when the acidity changes from 7.5 to 2.0. The results obtained allows the use of KARBON™ adsorbent as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for oral administration in chronic kidney and liver diseases, as well as a hemosorbent for the purification of blood outside the human body.
Highlights
Uremic retention solutes or uremic toxins are products of amino acid-protein metabolism in the human body that accumulates in the blood of patients with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Uremic toxins are grouped into three classes based on their molecular weight and chemical properties: (i) small, water-soluble solutes that are not protein-bound (< 500 Da), which can be removed by dialysis; (ii) middle molecules (500 – 35000 Da), which can be cleared using dialysis membranes with larger pore size or hemodiafiltration; and (iii) proteins as well as hydrophobic, protein-bound uremic toxins (≈ 500 Dа) [1]
The aim of the present work was to carry out restoration and/or oxidation of the KARBONTM adsorbent surface, and determine the effect of KARBONТМ surface chemistry on its sorption capacity with respect to tryptophan, arginine, indole, creatinine and vitamine В12 as biologically active substances
Summary
Uremic retention solutes or uremic toxins are products of amino acid-protein metabolism in the human body that accumulates in the blood of patients with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). These uremic toxins lead to disorders of biochemical, physiological and cellular functions, the most severe of which are encephalopathy (uremia and confusion of consciousness) [1]. Medical carbon sorbents are most used for internal environment control of a human body for toxic substances molecules excretion They have high surface area, great strength, selectivity and high adsorption capacity to various toxins from aqueous solutions, and under physiological conditions in the presence of salt ions, amino acids, peptides and proteins [3]. Activated carbon is very hydrophobic and it is not suitable for the substances adsorption that cause uremia (ionic organic compounds arginine and creatinine) [6]
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