Abstract
An experimental strategy was developed to obtain Si–Ti–Zr transparent sols via the sol-gel process. The chelating agents isoeugenol (2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol, isoH), salicylaldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, salH), and itaconic anhydride (2-methylenesuccinic anhydride, anhH) were employed separately to stabilize monomeric Ti and Zr precursors, in order to control their chemical reactivity, avoiding precipitation. In all cases a prehydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) sol was the Si source. The sols were polymerized at room temperature (293 K) to obtain gels and these were dried and calcined at 873 K in air. The radial distribution functions (RDF) of the gels were obtained at room temperature. The solids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porosity and surface area of solids were determined by N2 adsorption. The surface area results obtained range between 83–198 m2/g. The average pore diameters are 1.44–1.61 nm.
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