Abstract
The in vitro cell tests and in vivo animal tests were performed to investigate the feasibility of the photothermal therapy based on porous silicon (PSi) in combination with near-infrared (NIR) laser. According to the Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate Apoptosis assay test results, the untreated cells and the cells exposed to NIR laser without PSi treatment had a cell viability of 95.6 and 91.3%, respectively. Likewise, the cells treated with PSi but not with NIR irradiation also had a cell viability of 74.4%. Combination of these two techniques, however, showed a cell viability of 6.7%. Also, the cell deaths were mostly due to necrosis but partly due to late apoptosis. The in vivo animal test results showed that the Murine colon carcinoma (CT-26) tumors were completely resorbed without nearly giving damage to surrounding healthy tissue within 5 days of PSi and NIR laser treatment. Tumors have not recurred at all in the PSi/NIR treatment groups thereafter. Both the in vitro cell test and in vivo animal test results suggest that thermotherapy based on PSi in combination with NIR laser irradiation is an efficient technique to selectively destroy cancer cells without damaging the surrounding healthy cells.
Highlights
In recent years, photothermotherapy (PTT) techniques based on inorganic nanomaterials and near-infrared (NIR) light have attracted significant attention owing to their advantages over conventional surgical treatments
We report the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis assay test and in vivo animal test results of porous silicon (PSi) in combination with NIR laser to investigate the ability of PSi to kill cancer cells as well as the death modes of cancer cells and the ability of PSi to inhibit the growth of tumors, respectively
Photothermal properties of the PSi/EtOH:PEG solution The PSi nanoparticles functionalized with PEG were well solublized, so that they were uniformly distributed in the PSi/EtOH:PEG solution without forming any floating particles, precipitates, or agglomerates for a long period of time as shown Figure 1a
Summary
Photothermotherapy (PTT) techniques based on inorganic nanomaterials and near-infrared (NIR) light have attracted significant attention owing to their advantages over conventional surgical treatments. The PSi layers formed on Si (100) were lifted off by anodic etching in an 1:15 (by volume) solution of 46% HF and 95% C2H5OH at a current density of 4 mA/cm for 250 s. Measurement of heating of the PSi/EtOH:PEG solution by NIR irradiation Heterochromatic NIR light irradiation was performed on six different samples by using NIR laser. For the preparation of the last sample group, CT-26 cells were treated with the PSi/EtOH:PEG drug solution (0.7 g/L) first and NIR laser at 600 mW/cm for 20 min. The medium was removed, and the cells were treated with a PSi/EtOH:PEG solution to each plate. Detached CT-26 cells treated with a PSi/EtOH:PEG solution were exposed to NIR laser at 600 mW/cm for 20 min. All the procedures for in vivo experiments were performed in accordance with Inha University of Biomedical Science guidelines on animal care and use
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