Abstract
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) that can harvest mechanical energy from ambient environment have broad prospects for multi-functional applications. Here, multi-layered piezoelectric composites with a porous structure based on highly oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/PVDF (PZT/PVDF) electrospinning fibers are prepared via a laminating method to construct high-performance PENGs. PZT particles as piezoelectric reinforcing phases are embedded in PVDF fibers and facilitate the formation of polar β phase in PVDF. The multi-layered, porous structure effectively promotes the overall polarization and surface bound charge density, resulting in a highly efficient electromechanical conversion. The PENG based on 10 wt% PZT/PVDF composite fibers with a 220 µm film thickness outputs an optimal voltage of 62.0 V and a power of 136.9 µW, which are 3.4 and 6.5 times those of 10 wt% PZT/PVDF casting film-based PENG, respectively. Importantly, the PENG shows a high sensitivity of 12.4 V·N−1, presenting a significant advantage in comparison to PENGs with other porous structures. In addition, the composites show excellent flexibility with a Young’s modulus of 227.2 MPa and an elongation of 262.3%. This study shows a great potential application of piezoelectric fiber composites in flexible energy harvesting devices.
Highlights
IntroductionWith the urgent need for multi-functional, portable, light, and wearable electronic devices, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) capable of high-efficiency
With the urgent need for multi-functional, portable, light, and wearable electronic devices, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) capable of high-efficiencyJ Adv Ceram 2022, 11(2): 331–344Na,Li)NbO3 [1,2], BaTiO3 [3], and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 [4,5]) and piezoelectric semiconductors (ZnS [6], ZnO [7], and CdS [8]) attracted lots of attention due to their excellent piezoelectric coefficients, but the brittleness of their own limited the application in flexible electric devices
Multi-layered PZT/PVDF piezoelectric fiber composites composed of contact surface fibers and separated internal fibers were fabricated by the laminating process
Summary
With the urgent need for multi-functional, portable, light, and wearable electronic devices, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) capable of high-efficiency. Several membranes were pressed together via a laminating method into a fiber film in that every individual fiber can be accessible to stress to achieve piezoelectric effect, improving the output performance of PENGs. We have successfully prepared the dense fiber films with contact surface fibers and separated internal fibers, where PVDF as a flexible piezoelectric substrate was dissolved to be spun into oriented fibers due to the advantages of high flexibility, good piezoelectricity, and low cost [26]. We explored the structural characteristics and the piezoelectric output performance of the PENGs based on the PZT/PVDF flexible piezoelectric fiber composite. This study provides an efficient but simple way to prepare high-performance small-scale PENGs
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