Abstract
Porous Mn-doped ZnO (ZnO:Mn) nanoparticles with an average diameter of ca. 21nm were prepared by a simple and cheap solvothermal process involving no templates, post-synthetic annealing or etching. The particles produced were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XPS, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements and the effects of Mn2+-doping on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO particles were investigated. The particles doped with 3mol% Mn2+ were found to exhibit the highest catalytic activity toward the photodegradation of the Orange II dye under solar light irradiation. Our results demonstrate that Mn2+-doping shifts the optical absorption to the visible region, increases the specific surface area of the photocatalyst and reduces the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The influence of various operational parameters (amount of catalyst, concentration of dye and pH) on the photodegradation and the photocatalytic mechanism were studied. Finally, we demonstrated that the ZnO:Mn photocatalyst is stable and can be easily recycled up to ten times without any significant decrease in photocatalytic activity.
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