Porous implants for knee joint meniscus reconstruction: A preliminary study on the role of pore sizes in ingrowth and differentiation of fibrocartilage

Abstract

Implants with four different macropore sizes were implanted in the meniscus of 29 rabbits for assessment of ingrowth and differentiation of fibrocartilage. Implant macropores were 50–90, 90–150, 150–250 and 250–500 μm, the vol.% macropores was 48–55 and total pore volume 84–86 vol.%. Ingrowth was optimal in the two large pore implants whereas the small pore implants partially remained empty up to 1 year post-operative. Capsule formation and the foreign body reaction was severe for the small pore implants whereas this occurred to a lesser extent in the two large pore implants. Fibrocartilage formation, as assessed by morphology and antibody labelling for type I and type II collagen, was observed in a similar way in all implant types. It is concluded that for optimal ingrowth and incorporation of partial or total meniscal prosthesis, macropore sizes must be in the range of 150–500 μm