Abstract
The use of lightweight and easily-fabricated MnO2/carbon nanotube (CNT)-based flexible networks as binder-free electrodes and a polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4 electrolyte for the formation of stretchable solid-state supercapacitors was examined. The active electrodes were fabricated from 3D honeycomb porous MnO2 assembled from cross-walled and interconnected sheet-architectural MnO2 on CNT-based plastic substrates (denoted as honeycomb MnO2/CNT textiles).These substrates were fabricated through a simple two-step procedure involving the coating of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto commercial textiles by a dipping-drying process and subsequent electrodeposition of the interconnected MnO2 sheets onto the MWCNT-coated textile. With such unique MnO2 architectures integrated onto CNT flexible films, good performance was achieved with a specific capacitance of 324 F/g at 0.5 A/g. A maximum energy density of 7.2 Wh/kg and a power density as high as 3.3 kW/kg were exhibited by the honeycomb MnO2/CNT network device, which is comparable to the performance of other carbon-based and metal oxide/carbon-based solid-state supercapacitor devices. Specifically, the long-term cycling stability of this material is excellent, with almost no loss of its initial capacitance and good Coulombic efficiency of 82% after 5000 cycles. These impressive results identify these materials as a promising candidate for use in environmentally friendly, low-cost, and high-performance flexible energy-storage devices.
Highlights
MnO2 sheets interconnected to each other to form honeycomb pores were successfully prepared from electrospun carbon nanofibers reacted with a Mn precursor, and exhibited an excellent energy density of 41.1 Wh/kg at a power density of 3.3 kW/kg[9]
A 3D honeycomb MnO2 porous network consisting of interconnected MnO2 sheets on carbon nanotube (CNT)-based plastic substrates was successfully synthesized through a simple dipping-drying process followed by an electrodeposition process; well-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were coated onto commercial textiles using the dipping-drying process, which served as a conductive framework for the subsequent electrodeposition of the MnO2 sheets
The broad diffraction band located at 2θ of 20–30° indicates the CNT materials[10]; the other three main peaks observed at 2θ values of 12.1, 37.2, and 66.6° correspond to the (001), (110), and (020) crystal phases of the 2D layered birnessite-type MnO2, which was indexed to a monoclinic type with space group C2/m and unit cell parameters of a = 5.150 Å, b = 2.844 Å, c = 7.159 Å, and β = 100.64° (JCPDS 42-1317)[11]
Summary
A stretchable solid-state supercapacitor was assembled using honeycomb MnO2/CNT networks as a binder-free electrode and polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4 as an electrolyte. CV measurements were performed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the as-fabricated honeycomb MnO2/CNT textile-based supercapacitors.
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