Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) could be a novel method of fabricating composite and porous materials having various effective performances based on mechanisms of their internal geometries. Materials fabricated by AM could rapidly be used in industrial application since they could easily be embedded in the target part employing the same AM process used for the bulk material. Furthermore, multi-material AM has greater potential than usual single-material AM in producing materials with effective properties. Negative thermal expansion is a representative effective material property realized by designing a composite made of two materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. In this study, we developed a porous composite having planar negative thermal expansion by employing multi-material photopolymer AM. After measurement of the physical properties of bulk photopolymers, the internal geometry was designed by topology optimization, which is the most effective structural optimization in terms of both minimizing thermal stress and maximizing stiffness. The designed structure was converted to a three-dimensional stereolithography (STL) model, which is a native digital format of AM, and assembled as a test piece. The thermal expansions of the specimens were measured using a laser scanning dilatometer. Negative thermal expansion corresponding to less than −1 × 10−4 K−1 was observed for each test piece of the N = 3 experiment.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM) could be a novel method of fabricating composite and porous materials having various effective performances based on mechanisms of their internal geometries
Functionally graduated characteristics could be achieved by spatially varying the internal geometry [7]
By forming an internal structure using more than two materials with different positive coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) and voids, even negative effective thermal expansion could be achieved
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) could be a novel method of fabricating composite and porous materials having various effective performances based on mechanisms of their internal geometries. By forming an internal structure using more than two materials with different positive coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) and voids, even negative effective thermal expansion could be achieved. The studies of such internal geometry-based negative thermal expansion materials had been performed by both theoretically [10, 11, 12, 13] and experimentally [14, 15, 16].
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