Abstract
A facile eco-friendly approach for acetampirid pesticide removal is presented. The method is based on the use of micro- and mesoporous activated carbon (TPAC) as a natural adsorbent. TPAC was synthesized via chemical treatment of tangerine peels with phosphoric acid. The prepared activated carbon was characterized before and after the adsorption process using Fourier- transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size and surface area. The effects of various parameters on the adsorption of acetampirid including adsorbent dose (0.02–0.2 g), pH 2–8, initial adsorbate concentration (10–100 mg/L), contact time (10–300 min) and temperature (25–50 °C) were studied. Batch adsorption features were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 35.7 mg/g and an equilibration time within 240 min. The adsorption kinetics of acetamiprid was fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. From the thermodynamics perspective, the adsorption was found to be exothermic and spontaneous in nature. TPAC was successfully regenerated and reused for three consecutive cycles. The results of the presented study show that TPAC may be used as an effective eco-friendly, low cost and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of acetamiprid pesticides from aqueous solutions.
Highlights
Pesticides are carcinogens in nature, and because of their toxicity, they pollute both land and water environments
9.94 to 36.31 mg/g and the removal efficiency decreased from 99.37% to 40.275% upon changing the initial concentration of the pesticide from 10 to 100 mg/L. These results showed that the adsorption of acetamiprid pesticide by TPAC depends on the initial concentration
The surface functional groups of TPAC before and after adsorption of acetamiprid pesticide were determined by Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer
Summary
Pesticides are carcinogens in nature, and because of their toxicity, they pollute both land and water environments. Pesticide detection in groundwater has increased interest in finding suitable techniques used for their removal from aqueous solution to minimize their concentrations to the permissible level [1]. Acetamiprid (Figure 1) belongs to a new neonicotinoid class of systemic broad-spectrum insecticides. Due to the relatively low and chronic mammalian toxicity, and no long-term cumulative toxicity, it has been used to take the place of organophosphorus and other conventional insecticides for controlling the insects such as Hemiptera, Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera in agricultural products [2]. Acetamiprid is widely used due to its high water-solubility, low toxicity for humans and high activity against insects [3]. It is susceptible to be found in water according to the United States
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