Abstract
Sol–gel TiO 2 –CeO 2 materials were synthesized at pH=3 employing HNO 3 as hydrolysis agent. Gels were thermally treated at 473, 673, 873, and 1073 K, respectively. Morphologies of the final substrates were studied via N 2 sorption, XRD and TEM. N 2 isotherms indicated a steady porosity in TiO 2 –CeO 2 samples treated up to 873 K. Adsorption–desorption isotherms and TEM micrographs were used to perform fractal analyses of annealed samples. A dominant anatase phase was detected by XRD between 473 and 873 K while a rutile phase was evident at 1073 K. The presence of cerium conferred an increased thermal stability to the TiO 2 materials against particle sintering and pore collapse. The structure of cerium-doped anatase lattice was visualized through crystal simulation to investigate the possible substitution of Ti 4+ by Ce +4 ions. This effect and the progressive segregation of CeO 2 crystals with temperature on the surface of TiO 2 grains lead to substrates of assorted morphologies.
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