Pore-structure control of porous carbon electrode materials and energy-storage performance in water-in-salt electrolytes

Abstract

The pore structure of carbon-based materials and the voltage window of the electrolyte are two key factors affecting the energy density of carbon-based supercapacitors (SCs). In this paper, activated carbon materials of different pore sizes is successfully synthesized by chemical activation method by adjusting the mass ratio of ZnCl2 to sucrose, and successfully applied to construct SCs based on different electrolyte systems. As the specific surface area of the prepared porous carbon materials shows a tendency to increase and then decrease, reaching a maximum in the presence of micropores. Further summarizing the constitutive relationship between pore structure-electrochemical performance in the high-concentration electrolyte system, it is found that the normalized specific capacity is larger at smaller pore sizes, and with the increase of mesoporous proportion, the normalized specific capacity decreases and tends to be stable. In addition, the different strengths of solvation of anions and cations in the electrolyte, with the cations contributing more to the contrast, and the presence of mesopores providing ion transport channels to improve the efficiency of ion transport in porous materials, which provide directions for designing a suitable pore structure for highly concentrated salt electrolytes, as well as another way of optimizing the properties of carbon-based materials for SCs.