Abstract
This paper presents comprehensive review of effect of different nanoparticles such as nanosilica, aluminium nanoparticles (NPs), Magnesium oxide NPs, Zinc oxide NPs, Calcium carbonate NPs, Laponite NPs on pore pressure transmission and discusses its inhibition capability in different shale formations. Shale formations consist of water sensitive clays that react with water and swell. Fluid from water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) invades into shale sections and increases the pore pressure. Therefore, abnormal pore pressure is result of swelling mechanisms of clay that leads to wellbore instability. Pore pressure transmission test (PPT) measures membrane efficiency of shale formations in the oil and gas well drilling operation. Recently, it was reported that addition of nanoparticles in WBDF can plug the shale pores and decrease rate of PPT effectively up to 97%. However, the plugging ability of nanoparticles depends on its size, other additives in the drilling fluid and clay minerals in shale formation etc. This article also analyses nanoparticles performance with conventional shale inhibitors like polymers and clays.
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