Pore characterization and methane sorption capacity of over-mature organic-rich Wufeng and Longmaxi shales in the southeast Sichuan Basin, China

Abstract

Currently, the Upper Ordovician Wufeng (O3w) and Lower Silurian Longmaxi (S1l) Formations in southeast Sichuan Basin have been regarded as one of the most important target plays of shale gas in China. In this work, using a combination of low-pressure gas adsorption (N2 and CO2), mercury injection porosimetry (MIP) and high-pressure CH4 adsorption, we investigate the pore characteristics and methane sorption capacity of the over-mature shales, and discuss the main controlling factors for methane sorption capacity and distribution of methane gas in pore spaces.Low pressure CO2 gas adsorption shows that micropore volumes are characterized by three volumetric maxima (at about 0.35, 0.5 and 0.85 nm). The reversed S-shaped N2 adsorption isotherms are type Ⅱ with hysteresis being noticeable in all the samples. The shapes of hysteresis loop are similar to the H3 type, indicating the pores are slit- or plate-like. Mesopore size distributions are unimodal and pores with diameters of 2–16 nm account for the majority of mesopore volume, which is generally consistent with MIP results. The methane sorption capacities of O3w-S1l shales are in a range of 1.63–3.66 m3/t at 30 °C and 10 MPa. Methane sorption capacity increase with the TOC content, surface area and micropore volume, suggesting organic matter might provide abundant adsorption site and enhance the strong methane sorption capacity. Samples with higher quartz content and lower clay content have larger sorption capacity. Our data confirmed that the effects of temperature and pressure on methane sorption capacity of shale formation are opposite to some extent, suggesting that, during the burial or uplift stage, the gas sorption capacity of hydrocarbon reservoirs can be expressed as a function of burial depth. Based on the adsorption energy theory, when the pore diameter is larger than 2 nm, much methane molecular will be adsorbed in pores space with distance to pore wall less than 2 nm; while free gas is mainly stored in the pore space with distance to pore wall larger than 2 nm. Distributions of adsorption space decrease with the increasing pore size, while free gas volume increase gradually, assuming the pore are cylindrical or sphere. Particularly, when the pore size is larger than 30 nm, the content of adsorbed gas space volume is very low and its contribution to the all gas content is negligible.