Abstract
Porcine torovirus (PToV) is a potential enteric swine pathogen, found at especially high rates in piglets with diarrhea. It was first reported in the Netherlands in 1998 and has emerged in many countries around the world. Infections are generally asymptomatic and have not directly caused large economic losses, though co-infections with other swine pathogens and intertype recombination may lead to unpredictable outcomes. This review introduces progress in PToV research regarding its discovery, relationship with other Toroviruses, virion morphological characteristics, genetic structure and variation, recent epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and possibilities for future research.
Highlights
Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
This review introduces progress in Porcine torovirus (PToV) research regarding its discovery, relationship with other Toroviruses, virion morphological characteristics, genetic structure and variation, recent epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and possibilities for future research
ToV-like agents had been detected in swine in many countries by electron microscopy or neutralization assays performed with equine torovirus (EToV) antibodies [5,6,7,8]
Summary
In 1984, a similar virus was found in the feces of diarrheic patients (mainly children under 5 years-old) in England and the United States, with virions about 100 nm in diameter and a 7–9 nm capsule on the edge [3]. ToV-like agents had been detected in swine in many countries by electron microscopy or neutralization assays performed with EToV antibodies [5,6,7,8]. In 1998, PToV was first detected and characterized in fecal samples from piglets in the Netherlands [4]. The N protein gene of PToV only has 68% sequence identity with BToV and EToV, which share 88% between them [4]. PToV has since been reported in Canada, the United States, South Africa, China, Korea, and many European countries, such as the United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Hungary, and Spain [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
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