Porcine Dental Epithelial Cells Differentiated in a Cell Sheet Constructed by Magnetic Nanotechnology.

Wataru Koto,Yoshinori Shinohara,Takanori Wachi,Kiyoshi Koyano,Kazuyuki Kitamura,Seicho Makihira

doi:10.3390/nano7100322

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in medical examinations, treatments, and basic research, including magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. In this study, MNPs with magnetic force were applied to tissue engineering for dental enamel regeneration. The internalization of MNPs into the odontogenic cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. A combined cell sheet consisting of dental epithelial cells (DECs) and dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) (CC sheet) was constructed using magnetic force-based tissue engineering technology. The result of the iron staining indicated that MNPs were distributed ubiquitously over the CC sheet. mRNA expression of enamel differentiation and basement membrane markers was examined in the CC sheet. Immunostaining showed Collagen IV expression at the border region between DEC and DMC layers in the CC sheet. These results revealed that epithelial–mesenchymal interactions between DEC and DMC layers were caused by bringing DECs close to DMCs mechanically by magnetic force. Our study suggests that the microenvironment in the CC sheet might be similar to that during the developmental stage of a tooth bud. In conclusion, a CC sheet employing MNPs could be developed as a novel and unique graft for artificially regenerating dental enamel.

Highlights

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in medical treatments and clinical and basic research because of their unique features, such as superparamagnetic properties, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity
Since the technology of coating molecules and antibodies on the surface of MNPs was well established, MNPs have been applied in drug delivery systems and hyperthermia in cancer therapy [3,4,5,6,7,8]
We further investigated the cytotoxicity of MNPs in dental epithelial cells (DECs) and dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs)

Summary

Introduction

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in medical treatments and clinical and basic research because of their unique features, such as superparamagnetic properties, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. MNPs are used as contrast media and have been extensively used in the field of magnetic resonance imaging due to their better imaging resolution and sensitivity [1,2]. MNPs can be used to decorate biological nanofibers [9]. These nanofibers decorated with MNPs can be induced to form biological nanofiber assemblies on the centimeter scale by applying magnetic force. These long-range-ordered assemblies can be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering to encourage the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells [9]

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Conclusion