Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine that causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. PDCoV was first reported in Hong Kong in 2012 and its etiological features were first characterized in the United States in 2014. Currently, PDCoV is a concern due to its broad host range, including humans. Chickens, turkey poults, and gnotobiotic calves can be experimentally infected by PDCoV. Therefore, as discussed in this review, a comprehensive understanding of the origin, evolution, cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential of epidemic PDCoV strains is urgently needed.
Highlights
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae within the family of Coronaviridae
This review focuses on the current knowledge on the origin, evolution, cross-species transmission and zoonotic potential of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)
The Deltacoronavirus genus was first established by The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in 2012 after the identification of three novel avian coronaviruses [6] and seven other novel δ-CoVs of birds or pigs [7]
Summary
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae within the family of Coronaviridae. They are classified into four genera: Alphacoronavirus (α-CoV), Betacoronavirus (β-CoV), Gammacoronavirus (γ-CoV), and Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoV). PDCoV has a broader host range and, unlike PEDV and TGEV, it could/can infect multiple species, including pigs, chickens, turkeys, cattle and humans [7,15,16,17,18]. We discuss the potential mechanisms for PDCoV interspecies transmission from birds to pigs, to humans to help understand common mechanisms for the emergence of novel human CoVs, such as the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
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