Abstract
BackgroundPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a serious economic problem for the swine industry in China. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of PCV2 in China using strains isolated from 2004-2008. Viruses were isolated from samples collected from pigs with multi-systemic lesions and clinical signs of PMWS from different regions of China, and the genomes of these viruses were sequenced. The assembled sequences were used to define the genotypes of these strains; PCR-RFLP methodology was used to distinguish isolates and capture ELISA was used to demonstrate the antigenic changes resulted from ORF2 gene mutation of the isolates.ResultsWe identified 19 PCV2 isolates, including four newly emerging PCV2 mutant strains. The 19 isolates were designated into three genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d). PCV2d represented a novel genotype and a shift from PCV2a to PCV2b as the predominant genotype in China was identified. This is the first report of 1766 nt PCV2 harboring a base deletion at other new different positions. Amino acid sequence analysis identified two novel ORF2 mutations (resulting in ORF2 sequences 705 and 708 nt in length) in three deletion strains (1766 nt) and one strain with a genome 1767 nt in length. Finding of two amino acids elongation of the ORF2-encoded Cap protein is firstly observed among PCV2 strains all over the world. The isolates were distinguished into different genotypes by PCR-RFLP methodology and antigenic changes were present in Cap protein of mutation isolates by capture ELISA.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide evidence that PCV2 is undergoing constant genetic variation and that the predominant strain in China as well as the antigenic situation has changed in recent years. Furthermore, the PCR-RFLP method presented here may be useful for the differential identification of PCV2 strains in future studies.
Highlights
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a serious economic problem for the swine industry in China
A recent report into the genetic variation of PCV2 identified nine different genotypes in clinical tissue specimens collected from pigs in different regions of China between 2001 and 2003, by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ORF2 region
Olvera et al [24] reported a mutation within the ORF2 gene, which resulted in elongation of the capsid protein (Cap) protein
Summary
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), is a serious economic problem for the swine industry in China. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This disease was first confirmed in Canada in 1997, and was subsequently identified in pigs in the USA, France, Japan, Korea and other countries [1,2]. A recent report into the genetic variation of PCV2 identified nine different genotypes in clinical tissue specimens collected from pigs in different regions of China between 2001 and 2003, by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ORF2 region. Olvera et al [24] reported a mutation within the ORF2 gene, which resulted in elongation of the Cap protein
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