Abstract
Porcine bocavirus is a recently discovered virus that infects pigs and is classified within the Bocavirus genus (family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae). The viral genome constitutes linear single-stranded DNA and has three open reading frames that encode four proteins: NS1, NP1, VP1, and VP2. There have been more than seven genotypes discovered to date. These genotypes have been classified into three groups based on VP1 sequence. Porcine bocavirus is much more prevalent in piglets that are co-infected with other pathogens than in healthy piglets. The virus can be detected using PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, cell cultures, indirect immunofluorescence, and other molecular virology techniques. Porcine bocavirus has been detected in various samples, including stool, serum, lymph nodes, and tonsils. Because this virus was discovered only five years ago, there are still many unanswered questions that require further research. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and primary research achievements regarding porcine bocavirus.
Highlights
Bocaviruses have been recognized in veterinary medicine since the early 1960s
The most recently discovered bocaviruses are human bocavirus (HBoV) and porcine bocavirus (PBoV), which have been classified within the genus Bocavirus and family
PBoVs were defined as new species using the ICTV criteria [27], which states that there must be less than 95% homology in the nonstructural gene to be considered a new species in the Bocavirus genus
Summary
Bocaviruses have been recognized in veterinary medicine since the early 1960s. Bocaviruses can be detected in humans [1,2,3,4,5,6], cattle [7,8,9], canines [10,11], gorillas [12,13,14], cats [15,16], sea lions [17], and possibly other species. In 2009, an 1879-bp sequence of porcine boca-like virus (PBo-likeV) was found in Sweden in lymph nodes from swine with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) [19]. Since this discovery, sequences of bocaviruses have been identified throughout the world. PBoV3/4-HK was detected from samples that were obtained in China during the period of 2005-2007 [22]. PBoV5 was discovered in stool from piglets that had clinical diarrhea on a farm in China [24]. This article summarizes research results from the past five years to present a brief review of porcine bocavirus
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