Abstract
Suicide was considered all along the Middle Ages an homicide, because the destruction of the sacred present of life and, therefore, the most offensive sin against God, creator of life. Consequently, suicides were subjected to the scorn of the community and suicide brought legal actions, with penalizations such as the confiscation of suicide’s properties and the humbling of their soul and body, hanging and mutilating the corpses and denniying ecclesiastical sepulture. Anyway, suicides commited under madness were not prosecuted. Official theories and regulations of the civil and ecclesiastical authorities were radically different because Church officials preferred to apply prevention methods as cathequesis and forgave and absolve the survivors. In Navarre the legal punishments were employed only by civil authorities because suicide was an act of felony, an offence against the Crown, and Church obeyed the King’s rules.
Highlights
Suicide was considered all along the Middle Ages an homicide, because the destruction of the sacred present of life and, the most offensive sin against God, creator of life
Suicides were subjected to the scorn of the community and suicide brought legal actions, with penalizations such as the confiscation of suicide’s properties and the humbling of their soul and body, hanging and mutilating the corpses and denniying ecclesiastical sepulture
Suicides commited under madness were not prosecuted
Summary
Señalaba Georges Minois que, en los grandes estudios sobre la muerte llevados a cabo durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980, autores sumamente. Y, más recientemente, Laura Vivanco, que ha tratado este tema centrándolo igualmente en el ámbito castellano aunque en esta ocasión para la centuria del XV. Si bien los primeros aportan referencias sobre el marco jurídico en que se desenvuelve la población, son los segundos los que ofrecen datos más interesantes permitiendo conocer la aplicación de estas normativas así como las posibles alteraciones introducidas para casos inusuales. En cambio, algunas noticias relativas a hallazgos de cadáveres, muertes accidentales y suicidios en los fueros de algunas villas del reino[15], que tipifican las penas a aplicar sobre dichas muertes. Como Jean-Claude Schmitt[16], Georges Minois[17], Ariel Guiance[18] o Alexander Murray[19], si bien las referencias que han hallado en sus pesquisas parecen ser más variadas que las navarras
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