Abstract
This scientific contribution questions the economic, discursive and ideological definitions of populism and defends and develops a political-strategic conceptualization. The method used in this contribution is a bibliographic review under the search criteria “populist political currents” in the Web of Science database. In this way, 52 documents are detected. This academic material was reduced to 43 documents which were related and referenced in this manuscript. In addition, this research considers and refers to the material delivered in the Political Systems subject of the Doctorate in Public Administration program, of the National University of the Littoral, Faculty of Economic Sciences. The resulting definition emphasizes personalistic leadership that is based on the direct, unmediated, and institutionalized support of large masses of mostly unorganized followers. The contribution of this manuscript, resolved in: A theorization of populism. Analysis of the current discursive field of populism. Declaration of the common practices of populist leaders. A vision of the decline of notions of economic populism. Study of the incongruities between style and form, rhetoric and reality, of the populist currents. And last but not least, an analysis of the persistent confusion about populism.
Highlights
According to the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, they agree that the definition of populism is: the political tendency that seeks to attract the popular classes
As soon as academics trust that they have surrounded him with their defining traps, he resurfaces in a different way in another corner of the impenetrable jungle of politics (Ofosu-Anim & Back, 2021)
It is not surprising that the proliferation of “populisms with adjectives” or hyphens has continued during the last decade
Summary
According to the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, they agree that the definition of populism is: the political tendency that seeks to attract the popular classes. In the context of the aforementioned, it is sustained that: Populism is defined as a political strategy through which a personalist leader seeks or exercises government power based on the direct, non-mediated and non-institutionalized support of a large number of followers, mostly unorganized Given the personalistic nature of the government and the heterogeneity of the population, their connection lacks institutionalization and is based on the impression of direct contact. As these components come together, populism forms a coherent political strategy that has often served to win and maintain political power (de Vreese, Esser, Aalberg, Reinemann, & Stanyer, 2018)
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