Population-based prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement in Japan

Abstract

Objectives The prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was evaluated using a Japanese population-based cohort of participants aged ≥50 years. Methods Radiographs (n = 854) of bilateral hips of 427 participants (279 women, 148 men) were used for the analysis. The prevalence of cam type, pincer type, and mixed type FAI as well as osteoarthritis was evaluated. The association of FAI and osteoarthritis (OA), and pain were also evaluated. Results The prevalence of cam type and pincer type FAI were 4.2% and 20.3%, respectively. Mixed type FAI was 0.7%. OA was found in 4.0% of patients, and 17 hips (2.0%) with any FAI also had OA. A significant relationship between cam type FAI and OA was found, whereas no significant relationship between pincer type FAI and OA was seen. Sixty (7.0%) of all the hips were reported to be painful, and 14 of those painful hips (1.6%) had FAI. No significant relationship between FAI and hip pain was found. Conclusion We reported the first population-based prevalence of FAI in Japan. Radiological FAI was common, and pincer type was more common than cam type. The anatomical abnormalities associated with FAI, although often asymptomatic, are risk factors for OA.