Population structure, susceptibility profile, phenotypic and mating properties of Candida tropicalis isolated from pediatric patients

Abstract

Candida tropicalis is one of the most frequently isolated species and is commonly associated with nosocomial infections, hematological malignancy, neutropenia, and urinary tract infections. This study aims to genotype C. tropicalis strains isolated from pediatric patients admitted to two hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. We provide a vision of the genotypes, mating types, enzymatic activity, phenotypes, and antifungal susceptibility profile of these isolates. Candida tropicalis isolates were collected from various clinical (Oral, urine, wound, and bronchoalveolar lavage) and environmental sources between November 2020 and November 2021. Primitively, samples were cultured on CHROMagar Candida. All isolates were identified by sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region for precise identification. Isolates were genotyped by six microsatellite markers specific for C. tropicalis. Antifungal susceptibility profiles were determined against eight antifungal agents according to CLSI M27 standards. The phenotype of each C. tropicalis isolate was assessed using yeast peptone dextrose agar supplemented with phloxine B. Mating types of C. tropicalis isolates were determined using MTLa1 and MTL2 specific primers. Species identification revealed 46 C. tropicalis strains. Among them, 39 different genotypes were detected that have split into 34 singletons and five clusters. Twenty isolates were the non-wild type for itraconazole and posaconazole. Four isolates were multidrug-resistant. The activity of hemolysin and esterase enzyme was very strong among all isolates. Mating type and phenotype were not significantly correlated with genotypes (p = 0.721 and p = 0.135, respectively). To conclude, tested populations were moderately differentiated with high gene flow. One cluster of isolates among different hospitals was identified, and three clusters were from different cities.