Population structure and habitat use of gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada) in Wof-Washa Forest (Gosh-Meda Area), Central Ethiopia

Birhanu Goshme,Mesele Yihune

doi:10.1186/s41610-018-0098-8

Birhanu Goshme, Mesele Yihune

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-018-0098-8

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Abstract

BackgroundGelada baboon is one of the endemic mammals of Ethiopia residing in different highlands. The population structure and habitat use of gelada baboon in Wof-Washa particularly Gosh Meda area was investigated from September 2016 to August 2017. Total counting method was used to collect data on the population status by dividing the study area in to four blocks, namely, Kundi, Arbgebeya, Goshber, and Goshmeda. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The age-sex category and the numbers of geladas found within the different blocks were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and paired t test was also used to analyze the pair wise comparison of the different age and sex categories during both dry and wet seasons.ResultsA total of 435 and 471 gelada baboons were counted during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The maximum group size consisted of 178 individuals whereas the minimum group size contained 53 individuals. Out of the total population adult females accounted for 54.7% in the wet and 54.56% in the dry seasons. There was a significant difference among the age-sex categories in both the wet (F2 432 = 630, P < 0.05) and dry (F2468 = 696.6, P < 0.05) seasons. The male to female ratio was 1:5.7 during wet season and 1:5.8 during dry season. So that the population will have a better chance to increase in the study area.ConclusionWof-Washa Forest could be a good site for eco-tourism activities due to the presence of endemic animals and its scenic beauty. However, the quality of the habitat is decreasing due to livestock grazing, agricultural expansion, and invasion of exotic plants species. Therefore, appropriate conservation measures should be implemented to conserve gelada baboon in particular and other wildlife resources in general.

Highlights

Gelada baboon is one of the endemic mammals of Ethiopia residing in different highlands
Gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) are one of the endemic species of Ethiopia (Dessalegn and Afework 2014) and the only extant genus Theropithecus (Dunbar 1998). They are confined to the elevation of montane grassland of Ethiopia (Habtamu and Subramanian 2013)
Population estimate The total number of gelada baboons recorded during the wet season was 435, and the dry season was 471 (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Gelada baboon is one of the endemic mammals of Ethiopia residing in different highlands. Gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) are one of the endemic species of Ethiopia (Dessalegn and Afework 2014) and the only extant genus Theropithecus (Dunbar 1998). They are confined to the elevation of montane grassland of Ethiopia (Habtamu and Subramanian 2013). The central and the northern highlands of Ethiopia are the well-known dwelling places for them Another different population of gelada is found in south of Gelada baboons are covered with dark brown hair. The back side of the male geladas contains a long heavy cape of hair

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