Population status, habitat composition and threats of Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park

Abstract

Natural habitats of Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein was studied in the Taksha Range, Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan, to determine the distribution range, population status, ecological conditions, and associated risks of the orchid. A total of 22 quadrat plots were assessed at two different locations at Rukha and Passang Omchu. The study discovered 519 individuals, mostly on steep slopes and cliffs in chirpine dominated forests with a canopy cover of less than 35% at elevations ranging from 980-1540 m above sea level. The plants were found on a limestone substrate with soil pH ranging from 7.3 to 8.0 and soil moisture content ranging from 1.4 to 2.5%, regardless of aspects and inclination. The greatest threats to the species in the study area were forest fire, browsing by wild ungulates, and anthropogenic activities.