Population Kidney Health. A New Paradigm for Chronic Kidney Disease Management.

Rafael Burgos-Calderón,Gustavo Aroca-Martínez,Santos Ángel Depine

doi:10.3390/ijerph18136786

Abstract

Statistical data extracted from national databases demonstrate a continuous growth in the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the ineffectiveness of current policies and strategies based on individual risk factors to reduce them, as well as their mortality and costs. Some innovative programs, telemedicine and government interest in the prevention of CKD did not facilitate timely access to care, continuing the increased demand for dialysis and transplants, high morbidity and long-term disability. In contrast, new forms of kidney disease of unknown etiology affected populations in developing countries and underrepresented minorities, who face socioeconomic and cultural disadvantages. With this background, our objective was to analyze in the existing literature the effects of social determinants in CKD, concluding that it is necessary to strengthen current kidney health strategies, designing in a transdisciplinary way, a model that considers demographic characteristics integrated into individual risk factors and risk factors population, incorporating the population health perspective in public health policies to improve results in kidney health care, since CKD continues to be an important and growing contributor to chronic diseases.

Highlights

In public health, chronic diseases including chronic kidney disease have become a problem with difficult solutions, given the multiple causes that are linked to them
The objectives of this review and subsequent proposal are to identify the magnitude of the problem, the current strategies that are applied in the current programs, their results and subsequently establish an integrating conceptual framework that generates a continuum, including individual risk factors and population risk factors, which can be applied in a practical way in public health interventions that improve how people are born, live, develop and die
Renal disease, renal a transof Chronic kidney disease (CKD)? Based Google on these questions, a search strategy wasKidney built which consisted of doing plant, and dialysis in combination with any of following key terms: social determinants, preliminary search in major scientific databases including MEDLINE/Ovid, PubMed, and socioeconomic status, gender, race, social inequalities, social inequities, social disparities, Google Scholar low-income, using the search terms Chronic Kidney Disease, renal disease, renal transpoverty, developing countries, rural communities, and other similar search plant, and dialysis in combination with any of following social determinants, terms

Summary

Introduction

Chronic diseases including chronic kidney disease have become a problem with difficult solutions, given the multiple causes that are linked to them. The objectives of this review and subsequent proposal are to identify the magnitude of the problem, the current strategies that are applied in the current programs, their results and subsequently establish an integrating conceptual framework that generates a continuum, including individual risk factors and population risk factors, which can be applied in a practical way in public health interventions that improve how people are born, live, develop and die. Strategies to prevent and control CKD are primarily geared towards high-risk groups; the programs that have been implemented have failed to control the global increase in cases or to reduce the indirect consequences on the quality of life of affected individuals. Global data published in 2017 demonstrated that 1.2 million individuals died of CKD with an increase in the global mortality rate of 41.5% in the

Objectives

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion