Abstract
The annual amount spent on healthcare per capita is higher and expected to grow in the U.S. compared to healthier level 4 countries (e.g., United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Australia, Japan, Sweden, Netherlands), while health outcomes continue to be suboptimal [123]. Therefore, healthcare is slowly shifting from a fee-for-service to value-based care, which addresses social determinants of health, promotes outcome-based contracting and employs more Population Health Management (PHM) activities. The root cause for this shift has been the increase in patients’ out-of-pocket costs and the pervasiveness of poorer outcomes. PHM has been defined by many as a mindset and activities that support the Triple Aim Initiative (i.e., improving population health, experience of care, reducing costs) [4].This article outlines the value of pharmacists on health outcomes in the U.S., Germany, and Scotland and innovative PHM approaches through pharmacist collaborative networks, polypharmacy management and pharmacists’ integration in care models [15].
Highlights
This article outlines the value of pharmacists on health outcomes in the U.S, Germany, and Scotland and innovative Population Health Management (PHM) approaches through pharmacist collaborative networks, polypharmacy management and pharmacists’ integration in care models [1, 5]
With implementation of new value-based care delivery models and population health management, pharmacists and organizations such as CPESN USA will integrate their expertise in the larger healthcare paradigm
Pharmacists’ Involvement in a Pilot of Integrated Care “Gesundes Kinzigtal” Gesundes Kinzigtal GmbH has built a health network of numerous local partners and is able to invest about 3 million € each year into the health of the insured through a variety of health care management services as well as health and prevention programs because of its share of the savings that are produced by these activities [37]
Summary
This article outlines the value of pharmacists on health outcomes in the U.S, Germany, and Scotland and innovative PHM approaches through pharmacist collaborative networks, polypharmacy management and pharmacists’ integration in care models [1, 5]. Since the 1970s, community pharmacists have developed collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) as their integrative avenue to provide and receive reimbursement for patient care services and coordinate care with physicians.
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