Abstract
Genomic approaches are opening avenues for understanding all aspects of biological life, especially as they begin to be applied to multiple individuals and populations. However, these approaches typically depend on the availability of a sequenced genome for the species of interest. While the number of genomes being sequenced is exploding, one group that has lagged behind are weeds. Although the power of genomic approaches for weed science has been recognized, what is needed to implement these approaches is unfamiliar to many weed scientists. In this review we attempt to address this problem by providing a primer on genome sequencing and provide examples of how genomics can help answer key questions in weed science such as: (1) Where do agricultural weeds come from; (2) what genes underlie herbicide resistance; and, more speculatively, (3) can we alter weed populations to make them easier to control? This review is intended as an introduction to orient weed scientists who are thinking about initiating genome sequencing projects to better understand weed populations, to highlight recent publications that illustrate the potential for these methods, and to provide direction to key tools and literature that will facilitate the development and execution of weed genomic projects.
Highlights
Biology is currently in the midst of a revolution caused by the advances in sequencing technology that allow us to examine genomes in detail [1]
The isolation of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene superfamily (CYP) genes responsible for HR from other weed species will likely occur in the near future as chemical inhibition of P450 indicate that these genes are involved in HR for flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) [205], water hemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var
Our goal is to provide a foothold for weed scientists considering this type of research by providing an introduction to the considerations and process of creating a draft genome and illustrating how that genome could be used as a fundamental tool
Summary
Biology is currently in the midst of a revolution caused by the advances in sequencing technology that allow us to examine genomes in detail [1]. Genome sequences are foundational for many approaches and the relatively early availability of the human genome sequence [16], model organisms such as Arabidopsis [17] and many crop species [18] have been essential to the rapid progress in applying genomic approaches to a wide range of disciplines. This issue has been noted by the weed science community and efforts such as the International Weed Science Consortium have been initiated [14]. We highlight what resources would be needed for success and provide illustrative examples from both weed science and the broader scientific literature
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